(Including Parasitology, Bacteriology & Virology)

Study of Pathology must be in relation with Concept of Miasm as evolved by Dr . Hahnemann and further developed by Kent, Boger, Robert and Allen. Concept of Miasm in view of Pathology. Reference to Koch's Postulate. Importance of susceptibility and immunity thereby homoeopathic concept of Disease and Cure.

-- Characteristic expression of each miasm.


-- Classification of symptoms/disease according to Pathology.


-- Correlation of miasm and Pathology for e.g. Psora -inflammation etc.


-- Natural evolution in Pathology.


-- Resolution -Inflammatory exudative


-- Degeneration. Suppurative


-- Interpretation of Pathological report of all diseases and correlate the utility of it in Homoeopathic system of Medicine.

Similarly all the topics in General Pathology and Systemic Pathology must be co-related, at each juncture, so that the importance of Pathology is understood by a Under-Graduate student in Homoeopathy.

Topics of GENERAL PATHOLOGY in Relation with Miasm

-- Inflammation

• Repair Healing Injury
  

-- Immunity

-- Degeneration

-- Neoplasm

-- Thrombosis

-- Embolism

-- Oedema

-- Disturbances of Pigment Metabolism

• Calcium Metabolism
  
• Uric Acid Metabolism
  
• Amino Acid Metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism
  
• Fat Metabolism
• Healing
   

-- Hypertrophy

-- Hyperplasia

-- Anaplasia

-- Metaplasia

-- Ischaemia

-- Haemorrhage

-- Shock

-- Atrophy

-- Relaxation

-- Hyperemia

-- Infection

-- Pyrexia

-- Necrosis

-- Gangrene

-- Infarction

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY

In each system the important and common disease should be done. By keeping in view its evolution, mode of presentation, progress and outcome of the disease. For e.g.

In Alimentary System :

- Tongue - Ulcer, Tumour

- Oral Cavity - Thrush, Tumour

- Oesophagus - Inflammatory Disease, Tumour

- Stomach - Inflammatory Disease, Auto Immune Disease, Tumour

- Duodenum - Inflammatory Disease, Acid Pepsin Digestion.

- Intenstine Small and Large - Ulcers, Infection, Tumour, Malabsorption.

- Appendix - Inflammatory Disease

- Liver - Inflammatory Disease, Tumours, Cirrhosis, Jaundice.

- Gall Bladder - Inflammatory Disease, Tumour

- Pancreas - Inflammatory Disease, Tumour

- Cardio Vascular Disease - Common Disorder

- Central Nervous Disease - Common Disorders

- Respiratory Disorders - Common Disease

- Kidneys - Common Disorders, Tumours, Urodynamics

- Genitals Male and Female - Common Disorder

- Skeletal and Muscular Disease - Tumours, Common Disorders

- Skin - Common Disorders, Melanoma, etc.

- Clinical Pathology - Complete Haematology.

Histopathology

Common teaching slide from each systems. Demonstration of gross Pathological specimen. Practical demonstration of Histopathlogical techniques i.e. Fixation, Embedding.

• Sectioning staining by common dyes and strain.
• Frozen section. Its importance.
• Electron Microscopy
• Phase contrast microscopy.

1. BACTERIOLOGY:

Morphology, biology, sterilization, chemotherapy, principles of artificial media, infection, defence reaction, immunity, hypersensitiveness, skin tests, systematic study of bacteria habits, importance morphological, cultural biochemical, serological and toxic behaviour of the common pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Pathologic changes produced by diseases bacteria and their laboratory diagnosis. Staphylococci, streptococci, displococcei, Neisseria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Types) mycobacterium leprae, names and differentiation of spirochetes from pathogenic mycobacterium corynobacterium diphtherae. Aerobic spore bearing bacteria - bacillus anthreis, anaerobes, general and special features of the pathogens. Names of some important non - pathogens. Gram negative, intestinal bacteria classification, identification of the pathogen salmonella, vibric, bacterium, pasterurella, general idea about haemophiles, pseudomonas, brucella, ricktsia, proteus, spirochaetes- general idea details of treponema palladium and leptospiraictero haemorrhagica.

Viruses-general characters, classification of disease, e.g. varecella, Rabies, bacteriophage. Koch's postulates

2. PARASITOLOGY :

Protozoa-classification names of important rhizopoda, ent. Histolytica, morphology, pathogenesis and pathogenecity, diagnosis, difference from ent. Coli, sporozen species of plasmodia life history and pathogenesis differentiation of species.

Mastigophora-general broad morphological features classification, pathogenesis, vectors, pathology of Kala-Azar, important features disease due to balantidium coli.

Helimnths - definition of certain terms; simple classification, differences between nematodes cestodoes and treamatodes Broad differentiating morphological features and broad life history and pathogenesis of important species, Cestodes and Nematodes-infecting liver, lungs, intestines and blood-general differences between schislosomes and other trematodes.

3. VIROLOGY:

Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Host Parasite Relationship. Disinfectants. Mode of action.
Practical aspects of Immunology i.e. Application in diagnosis, Passive Immunization, Immunopathies in brief including AIDS
Bacteria Genetics (briefly)

PRACTICAL

Clinical and Chemical Pathology:-

Estimation of haemoglobin (by acidometer Count of R.B.Cs. and W.B.Cs. staining of thin and thick films, differential counts and parasites.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urine, physical, chemical microscopical, quantity of albumin and sugar, faeces - physical chemical (occult blood) and microscopical for ova and protozoa.

Methods of sterilization, preparation of a media, use of microscope. Gram and acid fast stains. Motality preparation. Gram positive and negative cocci and bacilli. Special stains for corynebacterium-gram and acid fast stains of pus and sputum.

Haconkeys plate-sugar reactions-gram stain and motility of gram negative intestine bacteria, Widal and demonstration of Pasteur and of spirochetes by dark field illumination Fountain's strain-Lovaditt's stain. Demonstration of Methods of nacrobiosis.
 

KIDNEY BLADDER URETER URETHRA

- Glemerulo Nephritis

- Pyelonephritis

- Tuberecular Pyelonephritis

- Nephrotic Syndrom

- Metabolic Diseases and Kidney

- Systemic diseases and Kidney

- Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

- Kidney Tumours

- Calculi

- Cystitis

- Ureteric Stricture

- Urethritis, Specific and Non Specific

- Renal Function Test in Relation to Homoeopathy

CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES

- Ischaemic Heart Disease

- Rheumatic heart Disease

- Valvular Heart Disease

- Hypertension

- Cardiomyopathy

- Infective Endocarditis.

- Congestive Cardiac Failure

- Diseases of Pericardium.

- Cardiogenic Shock.

MALE AND FEMALE GENITAL DISEASES

- Testicular Tumors

- Acute and Chronic Prostatitis

- Prostatic Tumours

- Sterlity

- CA Penis

- Ovarian Tumours

- Fibroids

- CA Cervix

- Infertility

- Endometriosis and Endometrium

- Breast Inflammation and Tumours

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

- Pulmonary function test

- Bronchial Asthma

- Bronchitis

- Bronochiactesis

- Emphysema

- Empyema

- Cor. Pulmonari

- Pneumonia

- Bronchogenic Carcinoma

- Interstitial Lung Diseases

GASTRO INTESTINAL DISEASES

- Tongue, Stomatitis, Ulcers, Tumours

- Oesophagus, Reflex Oesophagitis

- Tumour of Oesophagus

- Stomach, Gastritis CA Stomach, Gastric Ulcer

- Liver Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, CA Liver

- Liver abscess.

- Liver Function Test

- Gall Stones

- Pancreas Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, CA pancreas

- Intestines Ulcers, Duodenal colics, CA Colon and Rectum

- Tumours

- Mal absorption Syndrome

- Infections

- Appendix, Acute Appendicitis.

SKIN DISEASES

- Infection and Tumours

BONES DISEASES

- Sarcoma, Osteoma, Paget's Diseases

- Osteomyelitis, Tubercular Osteomyelitis

- Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteo Arthritis

GENERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

- Meningitis Pyogenic / Tubercular

CEREBRO SPINAL FLUIDS

- Picture of various Diseases

ENDOCRINAL SYSTEM

- Thyroid, Diabetes Mellitus

Experimental / Microbiological Spots, Readings and Interpretation of Pathological Reports.

PAPER DIVISION FOR THEORY EXAMINATION

FIRST Paper - General Systemic Pathology and Miasms

SECOND Paper - Bacteriology , Parasitology and Clinical Pathology
(Each divided into Two Sections)

PATHOLOGY PRACTICAL