Men and Depression????

"More than four times as many men as women die by suicide in the United States,
even though women make more suicide attempts during their lives"

WHAT IS DEPRESSION?

Depression is a medical Illness that affects the body, mood, and thoughts and not just a feeling of hopelessness. It's more then just feeling sad. World Health Organization regards it as the Third Most Common Illness in the World after Infectious diseases & Heart disease.

Depression can strike anyone regardless of age, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, or gender. It affects both men and women however; large scale research studies have found that depression is about twice as common in women as in men. It seems likely that men suffer from depression just as often as women, but that they are less likely to ask for help.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF DEPRESSION?

Biological causes: It has been found that those with a family history of depression are more at risk of having it than others. The decreased level of certain neurotransmitters, NORADRENALINE & SEROTONIN has also been related to feeling sad and low.
Environmental factors: Other than inherent causes, external factors have also been found to be related to depression.
Following types of personality traits predispose to depressive illness.

• Very ambitious
• Anxious
• Obsessive/perfectionist
• Setting very high standards for self

Persons having above traits/attitudes are more likely to experience depressive episodes in their lives as compared to people who don't have such type of personality.

Role of stressful events : A lot of stressful life events like death/divorce/disease predispose to depression. Single people are more prone to depression than couples.Interpersonal relationships matter a lot - good relations with the friends / spouse / siblings have a positive effect in preventing depression.

Co-existence with Diseases: People with life threatening diseases, HIV, alcoholics have been found to be predisposed to depression.

DEPRESSION IN MEN: SIDE EFFECT OF "MACHO SYNDROME"
We still do not know if depression is truly less common among men, or if men are just less likely than women to recognize, acknowledge, and seek help for depression.
Ever since a man is born he learns that "Boys don't cry; they are stronger than the fairer sex". As he grows up he takes the same from his family, friends and society, thus though at times he may feel sad and hopeless he never acknowledges his symptoms. Men may be more willing to acknowledge fatigue, irritability, loss of interest in work or hobbies, and sleep disturbances rather than feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and excessive guilt

Compared with women, they tend to be far more concerned with being competitive, powerful and successful. Most men don't like to admit that they feel fragile or vulnerable, and so are less likely to talk about their feelings with their friends, loved ones or their doctors. They are concerned that seeing a mental health professional or going to a mental health clinic would have a negative impact at work if their employer or colleagues found out. They feared that being labeled with a diagnosis of mental illness would cost them the respect of their family and friends, or their standing in the community. This may be the reason that they often don't ask for help when they become depressed.

DISGUISED DEPRESSION??

Depression can present itself in so many ways, it affects the way one eats and sleeps. It affects how one thinks about situations and one's self perception. Men don't easily correlate these symptoms with depression but if interrogated individually they will acknowledge these symptoms.

Some of the commonly found symptoms are:

• Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood.
• Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism.
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness.
• Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyable, including sex.
• Decreased energy, fatigue; feeling 'slowed down."
• Lapses in personal hygiene, such as not bathing or shaving as regularly
• Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.
• Trouble sleeping, early morning awakening, or oversleeping.
• Changes in appetite and/or weight.
• Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts.
• Restlessness or irritability.
• Persistent physical symptoms, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain that do not respond to routine treatment.

A QUICK CHECKLIST

• Do you feel that you are performing less well at work?
• Has your spouse complained that you seem unusually quiet, you are communicating less than you used to do?
• Do you feel you're worrying about things more than usual?
• Has someone told you that get irritated more than you used to?
• Do you feel that these days you complain more about vague physical problems?

If your answer to the above questions is "Yes" then wake up; you are suffering from disguised depression. Talk to your friends or family doctor about it.

WHOM TO APPROACH

Many men with depression do not obtain adequate diagnosis and treatment that may be life saving. Family members, friends, and employee assistance professionals in the workplace also can play important roles in recognizing depressive symptoms in men and helping them get treatment. If you recognize yourself as depressed, don't loose hope, you can contact any of the following for better advice:

• Family doctors
• Mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors
• Religious leaders/counselors
• Health maintenance organizations
• Community mental health centers
• Hospital psychiatry departments and outpatient clinics or Private clinics.
• University or medical school affiliated programs
• Social service agencies
• Employee assistance programs

COPING WITH DEPRESSION

Depressive disorders can make one feel exhausted, worthless, helpless, and hopeless. It is important to realize that these negative views are part of the depression and do not accurately reflect the actual circumstances. Negative thinking fades as treatment begins to take effect. In the meantime:

• Engage in mild exercise. Go to a movie, a ballgame, or participate in religious, social, or other activities.
• Set realistic goals and assume a reasonable amount of responsibility.
• Break large tasks into small ones, set some priorities, and do what you can as you can.
• Try to be with other people and to confide in someone; it is usually better than being alone and secretive.
• Participate in activities that may make you feel better.
• Expect your mood to improve gradually, not immediately. Feeling better takes time. Often during treatment of depression, sleep and appetite will begin to improve before depressed mood lifts.
• Postpone important decisions. Before deciding to make significant transition - change jobs, get married or divorced - discuss it with others who know you well and have a more objective view of your situation.
• Do not expect to 'snap out of" a depression. But do expect to feel a little better day by day.
• Remember, positive thinking will replace the negative thinking as your depression responds to treatment.
• Let your family and friends help you.

FOR FAMILY AND FRIENDS

If your dad, brother, husband or friend shows the above "blues" don't panic.

• Give them your unconditional love and support. This involves understanding, patience, affection, and encouragement. They need this more than their medicines.
• Engage him in conversation and listen carefully. Do not disparage the feelings he may express, but point out realities and offer hope.
• Invite him for walks, outings, to the movies, and other activities. Be gently insistent if your invitation is refused.
• Encourage participation in some activities that once gave pleasure, such as hobbies, sports, religious or cultural activities, but do not push him to undertake too much too soon. The depressed person needs diversion and company, but too many demands can increase feelings of failure.
• Do not accuse the depressed person of laziness or of faking illness, or expect him "to snap out of it." Eventually, with treatment, most people do get better. Keep that in mind, and keep reassuring him that, with time and help, he will feel better.
• Try to talk to them that depression is a common illness among men and is nothing to be ashamed about. Encourage him to see a doctor to determine the cause of his symptoms and obtain appropriate treatment.

TREATING DEPRESSION

Instead of acknowledging their feelings, asking for help, or seeking appropriate treatment, men may turn to alcohol or drugs when they are depressed, or become frustrated, discouraged, angry, irritable, and, sometimes, violently abusive. Some men deal with depression by throwing themselves compulsively into their work, attempting to hide their depression from themselves, family, and friends. Other men may respond to depression by engaging in reckless behavior, taking risks, and putting themselves in harm's way.
Early diagnosis and treatment, accurate evaluation of suicidal thinking, and limitations on young people's access to lethal agents ­including firearms and medications ­may hold the greatest suicide prevention value.

Medications

There are several types of medications used to treat depression. These include newer antidepressant medications - chiefly the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - and older ones, the tricyclics and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The SSRIs (and other newer medications that affect neurotransmitters such as dopamine or norepinephrine) generally have fewer side effects than tricyclics. Alcohol ­including wine, beer, and hard liquor­ street drugs may reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants and should be avoided.

Psychotherapies

Several forms of psychotherapy, including some short term (10-20 weeks) therapies, can help people with depressive disorders. Two of the short term psychotherapies that research has shown to be effective for depression are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT).
Cognitive behavioral therapists help patients change the negative thinking and behavior patterns that contribute to, or result from, depression. Through verbal exchange with the therapist, as well as 'homework' assignments between therapy sessions, CBT helps patients understand their depression and resolve problems related to it.
Interpersonal therapists help patients work through disturbed personal relationships that may be contributing to or worsening their depression. Psychotherapy is offered by a variety of licensed mental health providers, including psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and mental health counselors.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is another treatment option that may be particularly useful for individuals whose depression is severe or life threatening, or who cannot take antidepressant medication. ECT often is effective in cases where antidepressant medications do not provide sufficient relief of symptoms.

Herbal Therapy

In the past several years, there has been an increase in public interest in the use of herbs for the treatment of both depression and anxiety. The extract from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), a wild growing plant with yellow flowers, has been used extensively in Europe as a treatment for mild to moderate depression.

Homeopathic Treatment

Some homeopathic medicines have been found to be highly effective in cases of depression when given on the basis of their symptoms:

Aurum-met
Lycopodium
Natrum-mur
Nux-vomica
Carcinosin
Staphysagria